Electromagnetically maintained oscillating movement compressor



June 8, 1965 I A. CHAUSSON 3, ELECTROMAGNETICALLY MAINTAINED OSCILLATINGMOVEMENT COMPRESSOR 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Dec. 15, 1960 I NVENTOR ANDREHAussoN A t67s.

June 8, 1965 A. CHAUSSON 3,187,990

ELECTROMAGNETICALLY MAINTAINED OSCILLATING MOVEMENT COMPRESSOR FiledDec. 15, 1960 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 I NVENT R ANDRE dl-lAussoN June 8, 1965A. CHAUSSON 3,187,990 ELECTROMAGNETICALLY MAINTAINED OSCILLATINGMOVEMENT COMPRESSOR Filed Dec. 15, 1960 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR ANDRECHAuss'oN United States Patent 3,1873% ELECIRQMAGNETICALLY MAINTAINEDGS" UILLATENG IVKGVEMENT fiflhiPREd flTi Andr Chausscn, Asnieres,France, assignor to Soeiete Anonyme ties Usines Qhausson, Asnieres,France, a

company of France Filed Dec. 15, 196%, Ser. No. 7%,tl67 Claims priority,application France, Dec. 16, I959, 813,207, Patent 1,252,149 3 Claims.(Ql. ass-55 This invention relates to an electromagnetically maintainedoscillating compressor, of the kind in which the driving and drivenmembers are intimately connected and displaced in a relative alternatingmovement in synchronism with the frequency of a feed current. Theinvention seeks to create a new compressor, particularly simple andstrongly made, utilizing, as driving member, whose oscillating movementis maintained by an electromagnetic circuit, at least one torsion barWhose resilient characteristics and stability can be easily guaranteed.

In accordance with the invention, the compressor comprises at least onetorsion bar rotatively guided by a support of at least oneelectromagnetic circuit causing the displacement of at least onearmature integral with a mobile assembly keyed on to the torsion barwhich is moreover embedded in the support, the mobile assembly drivingat least one piston that can move in a cylinder.

Various other characteristics of the invention will moreover be revealedby the detailed description which follows.

One form of embodimentof the purpose of the invention is shown by way ofexample in the attached drawmgs.

FIGURE 1 is a longitudinal section, taken along the line II of FIGURE 2or" the compressor according to the invention.

FIGURE 2 is a front elevation, partly cut away, taken along the lineIIII of FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 3 is a section taken along the line III-III of FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 4 is a partial section taken along the line IVIV of FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 5 is a partial section similar to FIGURE 1 of an alternativeembodiment of one of the elements forming the compressor.

The compressor itself is suspended by means of resilient members I, in abell 2 hermetically closed by a lid 3. The fluid to be compressed, forexample a coolant fluid, is brought towards an inlet pipe 4 with afluidtight attachment to the bell, for the sole purpose of keeping thelatter constantly filled with this fluid. Moreover, the bell is suppliedoutside with holding lugs 5, and inside, with a resilient abutment 6(FIGURES 2 and 4) penetrating into an aperture 7 in said compressor,this abutment being intended to limit the displacement of the latterduring its transport.

The compressor itself comprises a mobile assembly 8, connected by aresilient member 9 setting up an oscillating movement of said assembly,to a support 19 of cast metal alloy having a general U shape, betweenwhose lateral branches 11 and 12, the mobile assembly 8 is placed. Theselateral branches are connected at the rear by a crossbar 13 so as toafford a very rigid support. The branches 11 and 12 are moreoverprolonged above the crossbar 13 by plain bearings 14 and 15 for guidinga rigid tube 16, intended integrally to transmit the aggregate angulardeformation of the resilient member 9 to the mobile assembly 8. To thisend, the latter is surmounted by a part 17 forming a collar fortightening the tube 16.

According to one form of embodiment (FIGURE 1) of this collar, a slot 18is radially cut in the part 17 for 3,187,99b patented June 8, 1965delimiting two lips 19 and 2t) able to be brought together by means of abolt 21, by the resilient deformation of said part 17 in order to lockthe latter by tightening it on the tube 16 which it surrounds,

According to another form of embodiment of this collar (FIGURE 5), acylindrical hole 22 is drilled in the part 17 of the mobile assembly, atright angle with respect to a bore 23 of passage of the tube 16 so asonly partly to emerge in this bore. The cylindrical head of a bolt 24and a ring 25 are engaged in a hole 22, and by tightening the bolt 24,this tends strongly to press chamiers 26 made in the head and ring,against the tube 16 and thus to make the part 17 integral with thelatter.

The bearings l4 and 15 of the support 10 must be lubricated so as toprevent abnormal friction and risks of seizing. The end of the tube 16corresponding to the bearing 14 is prolonged by an enlarged portion 27into which is journalcd a torsion bar 28 forming the resilient member 9.The free end of this bar is also journaled in a boss 29 projecting onthe plain bearing 15. The torsion bar 23 is placed inside and coaxiallyto the tube 16. The housings of this torsion bar in the boss 29 of thesupport, considered as fixed, and in the enlarged portion 27 of the tube16, integral with the mobile assembly 8, can be eitected by tighteningnuts 39 which press jaw cones 31, prolonging the torsion bar 23, intotapered bores 32 made in said bosses 29 and enlarged portion 27.

It will be seen that the tube 16 forms a connecting link transmittingthe total angular resilient deformation of the torsion bar 28 to themobile assembly 8. In this manner, the length of the torsion bar can bechosen for a given angular amplitude of this assembly, so that itsdeformation is always in the resilient field.

The mobile assembly 8 is obtained by casting a nonmagnetic metal alloyembracing two permanent magnets 33 and 34 provided with their polarparts 33a and 33b, 34a and 3417 respectively (FIGURE 3). These magnets,formed by a rectilinear bar, are so placed that the polarities appearingon the corresponding polar parts 33a and 34a or 33b and 3 5!) areopposed. The magnets are moreover parallel and equidistant from thetorsion bar 28.

Furthermore, bosses 35 and 36 are formed projecting on each branch 11and 12 of the support it), so as to enable the iixing, by means of bolts39, of the magnetic circuits 37 and 33 respectively that these branchessurround. Each circuit 37 and 38 formed by a stack of magnetic metallaminations, is of M-shape whose median leg 37 or 38 is surrounded by aninduction coil 4% or 4-1. The polar parts 33a to 34b of the permanentmagnets 33 and 3d are placed, when the mobile assembly 3 is at rest,between the median legs 37,, 38 and the end legs 37 and 3'7 33 and 38 ofthe magnetic circuits 37 and 3-8 respectively. The airgap existingbetween the polar parts and magnetic circuits is reduced to a minimumfor diminishing the magnetic losses to a maximum, and with the samepurpose, these polar parts have a width alightly exceeding the distanceseparating two contiguous legs of these magnetic circuits.

The free end 42 of the mobile assembly 3 is made integral, by allsuitable means, with the rod 43 of a piston 4-4 formed by a cupola ofresilient material. For example, this rod 43 is extended by a threadedstem 45 which penetrates into the end 42, and is then locked against thelatter by a nut 46.

Additional masses such as washers 47 are placed on the mobile assembly8, so that the natural frequency of the unit formed by the lattercompletely equipped and by the resilient member 9 are slightly less thanthe frequency of the feed current of the induction coils 4i and 41.

The cupola d4 of resilient material is placed in a toric cylinder 43whose directive curvature radius is that of the circular trajectory madeby said cupola, when the mobile assembly 8 is in movement. This toriccylinder is bored in a cast part 49, of which part Sti, of cylindricalshape, is engaged in a hole 51, drilled in the lower median part 52 ofthe support 10, then fixed on the latter by means of a clamp 53 andscrew 54. The cupola 44 of resilient material forms not only a pistonbut also an inlet valve for the coolant fluid into the cylinder 48. Thelatter must normally be closed, during the suction stroke, by adischarge valve (not shown), which can be formed, for example, by acupola of resilient material similar to that of which the piston ismade.

The cylinder 48 emerges, at one of its ends, into the bell 2 containingthe coolant fluid to be compressed, and at it other end, into a chamber55 for collecting the compressed fluid, this chamber being delimited bya cylinder head 56 of cast alloy which is fixed, by any suitable means,onto the part 49.

57 denotes a fluid-tight joint interposed between the cylinder head 56and the part 49, the link between the latter and the support 52 notrequiring this. The chamber is connected by piping 58, placed inside thebell, to a discharge tube 59 integral with the latter and intended to bebranched into the high pressure circuit of a refrigerating unit, forexample.

The compressor works in the following manner:

The coils 4t and il. are so wound that when fed with alternatingcurrent, they induce, in the circuits 37 and 38 respectively, analternating magnetic field causing opposed polarities to appear on theends of the legs, placed facing these circuits. By way of example,during a semiperiod of feed current, if a south polarity appears on themedian leg 37 and then a north polarity on the end legs 37 and 37 f themagnetic circuit 37, a north polarity appears on the median leg 38 and asouth polarity on the end legs 33 38 of the magnetic circuit 33.

It is well known that poles of the ame polarity are repulsed one fromthe other and that poles of different polarity attract each other, andconsequently, during the half-period considered of the feed current ofthe coils 4d and 41, the mobile assembly 8 tends to move in thedirection of the arrow F, whereas during the other halfperiod of thisfeed current, this assembly 8 tends to move in the opposite direction,because the poles appearing on the end of the legs of the magneticcircuits 37 and 38 change polarity. Thus, the magnetic circuits 37 and38 provided with their coils 4i) and 4-1 and permanent magnets 33 and 34form an electromagnetic maintenance device for oscillating movement ofthe mobile assembly 8 caused by the torsion bar 28. It is quite obviousthat this movement can be maintained by any other type ofelectromagnetic circuit.

During the oscillating movement of the assembly 8, the piston 44 isdriven by the latter for moving in the cylinder 4%. When the pistonmoves in the direction of the arrow F the coolant fluid contained by thecylinder 48 is compressed and tends to open the discharge valveforestablishing communication between said cylinder 48 and thecollecting chamber 55. During the return stroke of the piston (in theopposite direction to the arrow F the discharge valve closes thecylinder 4-8, whereas the cupola 44 of this piston, thus forming aninlet valve, sets up communication between said cylinder and the bell,so as to enable the cylinder to be filled with coolant fluid under lowpressure.

Although certain specific embodiments of the invention have been shownand described, it is obvious that many modifications thereof arepossible. The invention, therefore, is not to be restricted exceptinsofar as is necessitated by the prior art and by the spirit of theappended claims.

I claim:

1. An electromagnetically oscillating compressor of the comprising arigid support, suspension springs for con bearings, and said tube beingprovided with a protruding d hermetically sealed type enclosed in aclosed container comprising a resiliently suspended rigid support ofsubstantially U shape delimited by two lateral branches and a transverseportion integral therewith, a magnetic circuit including two magneticelements provided with windings and respectively inserted in said twobranches of the support to provide opposite poles in said branches, apair of aligned bearings provided at the free ends of said two branches,a rigid tube rotatively mounted in said bearings, a torsion barconcentrically disposed inside said rigid tube and having one endsecured to a corresponding end of said tube and the other end secured tosaid support so that said bar is twisted when said tube is rotated withrespect to said support, a rigid swinging member adjustably secured. tosaid tube and extending between the branches of said supports, saidrigid member enclosing magnetic elements located in close proximity tosaid poles and carrying a compressing device reciprocably mounted in acompressor body provided in said transverse portion of the support.

Z. An electromagnetically oscillating compressor as set forth in claim 1comprising further a support carried by said swinging rigid member andadjustable weights secured to said support for varying the total weightof said mem-' ber.

' 3. An electromagnetically oscillating compressor of the hermeticallysealed type enclosed in a closed container nection of said support inthe inside of said container, said rigid support being substantially Ushaped to delimit two lateral branches connectedat their lower part by atransverse portion and near their upper part by a rear crossbarrigidifying the support, said branches extending above said crossbar andprovided with coaxially extending bearings, a rotatable tube mounted insaid hearings to extend between said branches one of which is providedwith a bosshaving a frusto-conical hole coaxial with said end portionhaving a frusto-conical recess in alignment with said hole of the boss,a torsion bar having frustoconical portions near both endsand threads atboth ends, said torsionbar being inserted inside said tube and havingits frusto-conical portions respectively fitted inside saidfrusto-conical hole and recess, nuts threaded on said torsion bar endsfor rigidly connecting one end of said torsion bar to said boss of thesupport and the otherend of said torsion bar to said tube, a rigidswinging member located between said branches of the support and havingan upper sheath provided with tightening elements engaged about saidtube and tightened thereupon to fix the swinging member to the tube,permanent magnets inserted within said swinging me mber and having theirends protruding toward the branches of said support, magnetic coresrespectively mounted in said support branches and having recesseshousing coil windings so as to form pole surfaces directed toward saidends of the permanent magnets spaced therefrom by two narrow air gaps, apiston rod rigidly mounted at the lower portion of said swinging memberand a piston connected at the end of said piston rod, a cylinder intowhich said pistonis slidably inserted, said cylinder having a curvedaxis and being carried by said transverse portion of the support, and acylinder head carried by said transverse portion and in communicationwith said cylinder.

References Cited by the Examiner V FOREIGN PATENTS 1,177,892 4/59France.

LAURENCE V. EFNER, Primary Examiner.

JOSEPH H. BRANSON, IR., Examiner.

1. AN ELECTROMAGNETICALLY OSCILLATING COMPRESSOR OF THE HERMETICALLYSEALED TYPE ENCLOSED IN A CLOSED CONTAINER COMPRISING A RESILIENTLYSUSPENDED RIGID SUPPORT OF SUBSTANTIALLY U SHAPE DELIMITED BY TWOLATERAL BRANCHES AND A TRANSVERSE PORTION INTEGRAL THEREWITH, A MAGNETICCIRCUIT INCLUDING TWO MAGNETIC ELEMENTS PROVIDED WITH WINDINGS ANDRESPECTIVELY INSERTED IN SAID TWO BRANCHES OF THE SUPPORT TO PROVIDEOPPOSITE POLES IN SAID BRANCHES, A PAIR OF ALIGNED BEARINGS PROVIDED ATTHE FREE ENDS OF SAID TWO BRANCHES, A RIGID TUBE ROTATIVELY MOUNTED INSAID BEARINGS, A TORSION BAR CONCENTRICALLY DISPOSED INSIDE SAID RIGIDTUBE AND HAVING ONE END SECURED TO A CORRESPONDING END OF SAID TUBE ANDTHE OTHER END SECURED TO SAID SUPPORT SO THAT SAID BAR IS TWISTED WHENSAID TUBE IS ROTATED WITH RESPECT TO SAID SUPPORT, A RIGID SWINGINGMEMBER ADJUSTABLY SECURED TO SAID TUBE AND EXTENDING BETWEEN THEBRANCHES OF SAID SUPPORTS, SAID RIGID MEMBER ENCLOSING MAGNETIC ELEMENTSLOCATED IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO SAID POLES AND CARRYING A COMPRESSINGDEVICE RECIPROCABLY MOUNTED IN A COMPRESSOR BODY PROVIDED IN SAIDTRANSVERSE PORTION OF THE SUPPORT.